Syrian opposition seeks to show alternative to Assad as Annan pursues peace

Syria’s fractious opposition groups begin reconciliation talks in Istanbul on Tuesday aimed at demonstrating they can provide an effective alternative to President Bashar al-Assad, as international peace envoy Kofi Annan is expected to hold talks with Chinese leaders in Beijing, who he has said he hopes will also back his mission.

Syrian forces pressed their assault across the country on Monday. As many as 95 people have been killed by the fire of Syrian forces across the country, activists told Al Arabiya.

The opposition forces have been invited by Turkey and Qatar, which holds the rotating chair of the Arab League, to talks in Istanbul to try to form a common front while their homeland suffers under Assad’s brutal repression of a year-old uprising.

About 300 dissidents attended the welcome dinner at a seaside hotel in Pendik, a distant suburb on the Asian side of Istanbul, and more were expected to join what the Turkish hosts call an “open house” meeting on Tuesday, according to Reuters.

Burhan Ghalioun, president of the main opposition umbrella group, the Syrian National Council, has sought support for the reconciliation meeting to end with a “national oath,” committing all the opposition to building a democratic state, without any agenda for revenge, and to seek national reconciliation once Assad is removed.

“Based on the national responsibility on all the political powers in the Syrian revolution and the efforts to unite the opposition and its vision, we declare the basic principles that the new state will be based upon,” a draft declaration said.

It said the new Syria will be “civic, democratic and totally free,” with a transitional government to organize a ballot to elect a founding assembly to draft a new constitution.

“The Syrian people are proud of their cultural and religious diversity. Everyone will contribute in building the future,” it said.

A few weeks ago, a handful of leading dissidents withdrew from the SNC, dismayed both by its leadership and influence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which draws support from Syria’s Sunni majority.

This disunity has fed fears that Syria’s agony won’t end if Assad is pushed out, leaving governments which would otherwise be glad to see his downfall hesitant over how to engineer an endgame without an acceptable alternative in place.

Friends of the Syrian People

Turkey hosts a meeting of foreign ministers from “Friends of the Syrian People,” grouping mainly Arab and Western governments, on April 1, with the hope of agreeing measures that could persuade Assad to call off his security forces, permit inflows of humanitarian aid, and allow a political transition.

Whether they are in the SNC or not, main opposition figures will also attend, a Turkish official told reporters on Monday.

The official also stressed that his government’s role in the opposition gathering was purely to facilitate the meeting, though it urged unity.

“We have been talking to almost every figure in the SNC,” the Turkish official said. “They have to take everybody on board to show they are representing every walk of Syrian society.”

Ghalioun, a Paris-based secular professor of politics, was chosen in October as a consensus candidate to hold the presidency for an initial three months, but he has held onto the position despite strong criticism of his leadership.

His attempt in December to draft an accord between the SNC, a group containing a large number of exiled dissidents, and the National Coordination Body, a centrist bloc inside Syria, was rejected by the SNC executive council.

Liberals and other Islamists are unhappy with the influence the Muslim Brotherhood wields in the SNC, while ethnic Kurdish leaders have shunned the group.

Syrian Kurds were attending the reconciliation talks as were several of the dissidents who had earlier quit the SNC to form a rival Syrian Patriotic Front.

The difficulties coming together were unsurprising for a country where political opposition has been throttled by 42 years of Assad family rule.

“This is a learning process in the politics of opposition,” the Turkish official said.

Syrian forces press their assault

Syrian forces pressed their assault across the country on Monday as international peace envoy Kofi Annan stressed that there could be no deadline to ending the year-long crisis.

Clashes were reported in the central flashpoint city of Homs, in Damascus province and other areas, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said.

Regime forces pounded several neighborhoods of Homs, and several civilians were killed in clashes in two towns -- Harasta and Zabadani, according to AFP.

The violence came as Annan, the United Nations and Arab League envoy to Syria, said no time limit could be set to ending the revolt against the Assad's regime, which erupted last March.

“I think only Syrians should decide the issue of Assad’s resignation,” Annan told Russian news agencies in remarks translated into Russian.

“It’s important to sit all Syrians behind a negotiating table,” he said, speaking a day after meeting Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.

The former U.N. chief said it was “incorrect to give any deadlines” for ending the violence in Syria, in which more than 9,100 people have already been killed, according to monitors.

Medvedev had warned on Sunday that Annan represented the last chance for avoiding a civil war in Syria, promising him Russia's full support.

Annan is to hold talks on Tuesday with Chinese leaders in Beijing, who he has said he hopes will also back his mission.

Russia and China have vetoed previous resolutions condemning Assad's regime, but last week backed a U.N. Security Council peace plan for Syria put forward by the U.N.-Arab League envoy.

Annan’s plan calls for a halt to fighting, with the government pulling troops and heavy weapons out of protest cities; a daily two-hour humanitarian pause to hostilities; and access to all areas affected by the fighting.

It also calls for the release of people detained in the uprising. However it imposes no deadline on Assad, nor does it call for his resignation.

The former U.N. chief’s spokesman said in a statement Monday that Damascus had responded to the six-point proposal to end the crisis.

“Mr Annan is studying it and will respond very shortly,” he said.

Medvedev, whose government has come under increasing pressure to act on Syria, discussed the crisis in Seoul with U.S. President Barack Obama on Monday.

Afterwards, Obama acknowledged there had been disagreements in recent months between the United States and Russia, an ally of Assad’s regime.

But he said both agreed “we should be supportive of Kofi Annan’s efforts to end some of the bloodshed that is taking place in Syria,” and that the goal was to have a “legitimate” government in Damascus.